适用以下版本
Centos 7 内核升级
Centos 8 或 Rocky Linux 8 内核升级
环境息息
Centos7 3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
Rocky Linux 8
升级步骤 安装 centos-kernel 如果是 Centos 7 ，参考以下命令安装 centos-kernel 源
elrepo-kernel 中已经没有 Centos 7 相关的内核安装包
yum install centos-release
安装 elrepo 源 如果是 Centos 8 或 Rocky Linux 8，参考以下命令安装 elrepo 源
# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org # rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-v2-elrepo.org # yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm # yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:14 ago on Fri 28 Feb 2025 11:42:09 AM HKT. Available Packages bpftool.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-core.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-modules.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-modules-extra.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.290-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-core.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules-extra.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel python3-perf.x86_64 6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo elrepo-kernel
安装新版本内核 Centos 7 查看可用的内核版本
5.15.80 的内核在 centos-kernel-experimental 仓库中可用
# yum --enablerepo=centos-kernel list available | grep -i kern * elrepo-kernel: elrepo.in.ssimn.org abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64 2.1.11-60.el7.centos base bpftool.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-abi-whitelists.noarch 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 updates kernel-core.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-cross-headers.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-debug.x86_64 5.4.115-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-debug-core.x86_64 5.4.115-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-debug-devel.x86_64 5.4.115-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-debug-modules.x86_64 5.4.115-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-debug-modules-extra.x86_64 5.4.115-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-debug-modules-internal.x86_64 5.4.115-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-devel.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-doc.noarch 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7 updates kernel-headers.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-modules.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-modules-extra.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-modules-internal.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-tools.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel kernel-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel libreport-plugin-kerneloops.x86_64 2.1.11-53.el7.centos base perf.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel perl-generators.noarch 1.08-6.el7 centos-kernel perl-interpreter.noarch 4:5.16.3-6.el7 centos-kernel python3-perf.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 centos-kernel texlive-l3kernel.noarch 2:svn29409.SVN_4469-45.el7 base texlive-l3kernel-doc.noarch 2:svn29409.SVN_4469-45.el7 base xorg-x11-drv-vmmouse.noarch 14.0.1-0 centos-kernel # yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="centos-kernel-experimental" list | grep kern kernel.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 @centos-kernel kernel-core.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 @centos-kernel kernel-devel.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 @centos-kernel kernel-modules.x86_64 5.4.225-200.el7 @centos-kernel bpftool.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-core.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-cross-headers.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-debug.x86_64 5.10.33-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-debug-core.x86_64 5.10.33-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-debug-devel.x86_64 5.10.33-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-debug-modules.x86_64 5.10.33-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-debug-modules-extra.x86_64 5.10.33-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-debug-modules-internal.x86_64 5.10.33-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-devel.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-headers.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-modules.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-modules-extra.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-modules-internal.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-tools.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental kernel-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental perf.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental perl-generators.noarch 1.08-6.el7 centos-kernel-experimental perl-interpreter.noarch 4:5.16.3-6.el7 centos-kernel-experimental python3-perf.x86_64 5.15.80-200.el7 centos-kernel-experimental xorg-x11-drv-vmmouse.noarch 14.0.1-0 centos-kernel-experimental
Centos 8 或者 Rocky Linux 8 查看可用的内核版本
$ yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available Available Packages kernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel python-perf.x86_64 5.19.8-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt 和 kernel-ml 二者的区别：
kernel-ml 软件包是根据 Linux Kernel Archives 的主线稳定分支提供的源构建的。 内核配置基于默认的 RHEL-7 配置，并根据需要启用了添加的功能。 这些软件包有意命名为 kernel-ml，以免与 RHEL-7 内核发生冲突，因此，它们可以与常规内核一起安装和更新。
kernel-lt 包是从 Linux Kernel Archives 提供的源代码构建的，就像 kernel-ml 软件包一样。 不同之处在于 kernel-lt 基于长期支持分支，而 kernel-ml 基于主线稳定分支。
在 ELRepo 中有两个内核选项，一个是 kernel-lt（长期支持版），一个是 kernel-ml（主线最新版本），采用长期支持版本（kernel-lt），更加稳定一些。
安装最新的长期支持版
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" install kernel-lt kernel-lt-devel
查看系统上可用的内核，最好使用 grubby --info=ALL 命令查看，grubby 是 管理 Grub2 默认内核的工具
$ awk -F\' ' $1 =="menuentry " {print $2 }' /etc/grub2.cfg CentOS Linux (5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core) CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) CentOS Linux (0-rescue-ed7b5ef29925468cbc59b47c142c26b8) 7 (Core) # grubby --info=ALL index=0 kernel="/boot/vmlinuz-6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64" args="ro crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/rl-swap rd.lvm.lv=rl/root rd.lvm.lv=rl/swap console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 $tuned_params" root="/dev/mapper/rl-root" initrd="/boot/initramfs-6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64.img $tuned_initrd" title="Enterprise Linux (6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64) 8.10" id="8c17e8ecf9c14520b525abb61407347b-6.13.5-1.el8.elrepo.x86_64" index=1 kernel="/boot/vmlinuz-4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64" args="ro crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/rl-swap rd.lvm.lv=rl/root rd.lvm.lv=rl/swap console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 $tuned_params" root="/dev/mapper/rl-root" initrd="/boot/initramfs-4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64.img $tuned_initrd" title="Rocky Linux (4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64) 8.10 (Green Obsidian)" id="8c17e8ecf9c14520b525abb61407347b-4.18.0-553.el8_10.x86_64" index=2 kernel="/boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-8c17e8ecf9c14520b525abb61407347b" args="ro crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/rl-swap rd.lvm.lv=rl/root rd.lvm.lv=rl/swap console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0" root="/dev/mapper/rl-root" initrd="/boot/initramfs-0-rescue-8c17e8ecf9c14520b525abb61407347b.img" title="Rocky Linux (0-rescue-8c17e8ecf9c14520b525abb61407347b) 8.10 (Green Obsidian)" id="8c17e8ecf9c14520b525abb61407347b-0-rescue"
设置开机从新内核启动 生成grub 配置文件 $ grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-ed7b5ef29925468cbc59b47c142c26b8 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-ed7b5ef29925468cbc59b47c142c26b8.img done
重启系统并验证 reboot # 或者 shutdown -r now
重启后查看内核版本
$ uname -r5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
查看系统中已安装的内核 $ rpm -qa | grep kernel kernel-lt-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-lt-devel-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.76.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7.x86_64
删除旧内核，这一步是可选的 yum remove -y kernel-devel-3.10.0 kernel-3.10.0 kernel-headers-3.10.0 # 查看已安装内核 rpm -qa | grep kernel # 也可以安装 yum-utils 工具，当系统安装的内核大于3个时，会自动删除旧的内核版本 yum install -y yum-utils
升级内核工具包 # 删除旧版本工具包--可选 yum remove kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 kernel-tools.x86_64 # 安装新版本工具包 yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-lt-tools.x86_64
查看已安装内核
$ rpm -qa | grep kernel kernel-lt-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-lt-devel-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-lt-tools-libs-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-lt-tools-5.4.212-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
内核升级完成后可再次重启系统进行验证
参考链接 CentOS7 内核升级 CentOS7 内核升级